Oral activities that require active and creative, unpredictable responses from students

Practicing the target language through interaction with one another and the instructor as much as possible in all their classes

The use of authentic texts (those written in the target language for purposes other than language learning)

Using the language both inside and outside of classes to increase the language learning benefits associated with immersion

Conversing with instructors and classmates about personal experiences to promote language production, confidence, and a sense of community

The use of topics outside the realm of traditional grammar to promote the socio-cognitive benefits associated with social interaction

The use of role-plays, interviews, group work, information gap, opinion sharing, and scavenger hunt activities in order for students to have the opportunity to speak with a number of classmates

Placing students at the center of the learning process, while the teacher guides, facilitates, and provides feedback to help students notice where they need to focus their efforts